泥沙研究

玛纳斯河(以下简称“玛河”)红山咀引水枢纽,是新疆修建较早最大的弯道式引水枢纽.因玛河属山溪性多沙河流,所以,泥沙危害成为红山咀引水枢纽运行管理工作中的主要矛盾.在廿多年与泥沙危害作斗争的实践中,人们认识到,闸前形成稳定较强的环流,和将推移质泥沙输往较远的下游,是保证弯道式渠首正常运行的关键.从红山咀渠首的工程实际情况出发,制定了一整套行之有效的闸门操作规程和排沙措施.并将渠首排沙和沉沙池排沙有机地结合在一起,较好地处理了推移质泥沙,保证了渠首工程的正常引水,使净引水率达到71.5％,年净引水量达到9.05亿立方米,灌溉面积由工程修建前的70万亩发展到目前的206万亩. 本文还根据红山咀弯道式引水枢纽的运行情况,对几个设计问题提出了一些改进意见.

The Hongshanzui Diversion Works on the Manas River is a headwork with artificial bend constructed in 1959 in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Manas River is a mountainous stream abundant in sediment of which bed load is dominant. The project consists of intake gates, sluice gates, a side overflow weir and a regularized curved reach about 800 meters long. Circulating flow is generated in the curved reach and bed load is discharged through the sluice gates.In the past twenty years and more,the Hongshanzui Headwork had been reconstructed and rules and regulations for operation had been worked out and put into effect. These ensure the headwork to work in a good condition. The net diversion ratio is as high as 71.5%. The total amount of water diverted for irrigation is more than 900 million cubic meters annually and 2060 thousand mu (=137 thousand hectares) of farmland are irrigated. The main measures of preventing the intake from siltation and sluicing sediment downstream are as follows:1. To ensure a steady and stronger circulating flow in the artificial bend in front of the intake gates by properly regulating the opening of the gates and decreasing the width of the bend.2. Sluicing sediment by discharging flood continuously and discontinuous-ly depending upon the discharge of the river.3.A curved sediment-detention basin built downstream of the intake gates to dispose the harmful bed load entered the main canal. Some problems of the design of the headwork are also discussed.