泥沙研究

在山区航道整治工程中，常见滩下筑坝壅高水位以整治上游滩险的工程措施，但筑坝处跌水会形成局部陡比降，有碍船舶通航。如果采用滩下河段加糙的方式产生壅水，其分散布置的形式则可克服此不足，但加糙与壅水之间的相似关系有待研究。结合理论分析、现有研究成果和水槽模型试验，对加糙颗粒与水位壅高之间的相似关系进行了研究。试验采用预制混凝土方块作为加糙颗粒，按2.5倍加糙粒径的间距进行梅花型加糙布置，试验工况包括5种加糙粒径(5～80 mm)和3级流量。研究结果表明，模型加糙形成的水位壅高，不能直接按几何比尺进行还原，应按几何比尺的1/3次方还原，即壅高比尺与几何比尺应遵循1/3次方的关系。

In mountainous waterway regulation projects, it is common to build dams under the beach to raise the water level and regulate upstream shoals. However, the water drop at the dam site will cause a local steep slope, which will hinder navigation. If the method of roughening the river section below the beach is used to generate backwater, the dispersed arrangement can overcome this deficiency. However, the similarity between roughening and backwater needs to be studied furthermore. A series of model experiments to study the similarity relationship between roughening particles and water level rise has been conducted in a water tank. There the prefabricated concrete blocks are used as roughening particles in a quincunx pattern with a spacing of 2.5 times the particle size. There are test conditions of 5 different particle sizes(5～80 mm) and 3 flow rate levels. After comparing the existing research results and theoretical analysis, the experimental results show that the backwater height in the model after roughening cannot be restored to the prototype value based on the first power of geometric scale, but to the power of 1/3 of the geometric scale.