泥沙研究

采用中国土壤流失方程和冻融侵蚀强度评价模型，研究西南高山峡谷区水力和冻融侵蚀强度在不同地形地质条件和土地利用类型间的分布特征，并揭示其空间分异规律。研究结果表明：西南高山峡谷区以水力侵蚀为主，兼有冻融侵蚀，总体上呈东部量大级强、西部量少级弱、南部水蚀、北部冻融的空间分布格局；区内3 500 m以上高山和15°以上陡坡以轻度及以上侵蚀为主，但强烈和极强烈水力侵蚀在2 000～3 500 m的中山带分布最多，冻融侵蚀则几乎全部分布于高山带；岩溶地质占全区总面积的35.48%,其中21.74%存在轻度及以上侵蚀，较非岩溶区高10.27%;草地和林地占全区面积的90.47%,共分布41.47%的轻度及以上侵蚀面积，而仅占全区面积2.12%的耕地，却分布31.54%的轻度及以上侵蚀面积。

The distribution characteristics of hydraulic and freeze-thaw erosion intensity under different topographic, geological conditions and land use types in the southwest alpine canyon area of China were studied by the Chinese Soil Loss Equation and the freeze-thaw erosion intensity evaluation model, and the spatial differentiation patterns were revealed. The results showed that: The soil erosion in the southwest alpine canyon area is mainly dominated by hydraulic erosion, accompanied by freeze-thaw erosion. Soil erosion generally shows a spatial distribution pattern of great amount and severe level in the east, low amount and week level in the west, and hydraulic erosion in the south and freeze-thaw erosion in the north. The mild or above soil erosion is mainly distributed in the alpine zone with an altitude of 3 500 m or above and the steep area with slope of 15° or above, but the intensive and extremely intensive hydraulic erosion is the mostly distributed in the mid-mountain zone of 2 000-3 500 m, while freeze-thaw erosion is almost entirely distributed in the alpine zone. The karst geology accounts for 35.48% of the total area, and there is 21.74% of the soil erosion here exceeds the mild level, which is 10.27% higher than that in the non-karst area. Grassland and forest account for 90.47% of the total area, and 41.47% of soil erosion that exceeds the mild level is distributed in this area. The cultivated land only accounts for 2.12% in the region, while 31.54% of the soil erosion exceeds mild level.