| 1,439 | 93 | 68 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
对中国9条主要河流(松花江、辽河、海河、黄河、淮河、长江、钱塘江、闽江、珠江)入海泥沙的研究发现,近50年来其输沙率均值为13×108t/yr左右,并从1960年代开始呈显著的下降趋势,1994-2003年的年均入海泥沙(6.6×108t/yr)仅为1964-1973年的37%,北方河流较南方河流入海泥沙的下降幅度更大。过去50年来,总降水量呈略微下降趋势,降水量的减少是导致北方河流输沙减少的原因之一。入海泥沙总量还具有明显的三个阶段变化特征,即在1968年和1984年前后发生了突变;此外还存在着3年和10年的周期性波动。入海泥沙的突变与人类活动密切相关。水库建设是造成这些河流入海泥沙急剧减少的最主要因素。人类活动已对中国主要河流的入海泥沙产生了决定性影响。河流入海泥沙的减少已对中国海岸带环境产生了严重的影响,加强这方面的研究十分紧要。
Abstract：Riverine sediment yields and fluxes into the coastal oceans is an important geomorphologic process that arouses great interests of scientists which are undertaking the studies about the global change.This paper mainly aims at the general trend of the river sediment flux of the main rivers in China and its causes.The main rivers selected in this paper include Songhua River,Liaohe Rive,Haihe River,Yellow River,Huaihe River,Yangtze River,Qiantang River,Minjiang River and Pearl(Zhujiang) River,which have a total drainage basin area of 358.73×10~4km2,contribute 58.5% of the total exterior drainage area and 85% of the total river sediment flux into sea of China.The average annual sediment flux of the main rivers is about 1.3 billion tons with significant decline trend in the past 50 years.The sediment flux of 1994-2003(6.6×10~8t) is only 37% of that of 1964-1973.Periodical variations pattern of sediment flux show that the abrupt change happened in 1968 and 1984,which is identical to the social and economic developing steps of China in the past 50 years.Power spectra analysis shows that the sediment flux is under the oscillation with 3-year and 10-year period.The slight decrease of precipitation in one of the reasons to cause the decline of sediment flux of northern rivers.Dam construction is the main cause of the significant decrease of the sediment flux of the main rivers in China.Human activities are the dominant factor among the factors that affect the sediment flux of China.The decline trend of the sediment flux of main rivers in China is irreversible.The decline of sediment flux has caused severe bad effects to the delta in the estuaries of Luanhe River, Yellow River and Yangtze River.Further studies of the responses of environment of the east coastal line of China are urgently needed.
[1]Walling D.E.,D.Fang.Recent trends in the suspended sediment loads of the world rivers.Global and Planetary Change,2003,39:111-126.
[2]Holeman,J.N.The sediment yield of major rivers of the world.Water Resources Research,1968,4:737-747.
[3]Holland,H.D.River transport to the oceans.In:Emiliani,C.(Ed.),The Sea.The Ocean Lithosphere,vol.7.John Wiley&Sons,New York,N.Y.,1981,763-800.
[4]Milliman,J.D.,Meade,R.H.Worldwide delivery of river sediment to the oceans.Journal of Geology,1983,91:1-21.
[5]Milliman,J.D.,Syvitski,J.P.M.Geomorphic/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean:the importance of smallmountainous rivers.Journal of Geology,1992,100:525-544.
[6]Hay W.W.Detrital sediment fluxes from continents to oceans.Chemical Geology,1998,145:287-323.
[7]Syvitski J.P.M.,S.D.Peckham,Rachael et al.Predicting the terrestrial flux of sediment to the global ocean:a planetaryperspective.Sedimentary Geology,2003,162,5-24.
[8]Syvitski J.P.M.Supply and flux of sediment along hydrological pathways:research for the 21st century.Global and PlanetaryChange,2003,39:1-11.
[9]Milliman J.D.Delivery and fate of fluvial water and sediment to the sea:a marine geologist’s view of European rivers.ScientiaMarina,2001,65(suppl.2):121-132.
[10]Bobrovitskaya N.N.,Kokorev A.V.,Lemeshko N.A.Regional patterns in recent trends in sediment yields of Eurasian andSiberian rivers.Global and Planetary Change,2003,39:127-146.
[11]刘曙光,杨守业,丁坚,等.亚洲入海河流输沙量的区域性变化规律[J].海洋通报,2000,19(5):32-40.
[12]Subramainian V.Sediment load of Indian rivers.Current Science,1993,64(11-12):928-930.
[13]Siakeu J,Oguchi T,Aoki T,et al.Change in riverine suspended sediment concentration in central Japan in response to late 20thcentury human activities.Catena,2004,55(2):231-254.
[14]Syvitski J.P.M.,Vorosmarty C.J.,Kettner A.J.,et al.Impact of humans on the flux of terrestrial sediment to the globalcoastal ocean.Science,2005,308:376-380.
[15]Vorosmarty C.J.,Meybeckc M.,Feketea B.,et al.Anthropogenic sediment retention:major global impact from registered riverimpoundments.Global and Planetary Change,2003,39:169-190.
[16]程天文,赵楚年.我国主要河流入海径流量、输沙量及对沿岸的影响[J].海洋学报,1985,7(4):460-471.
[17]Yang,S.L.,Zhao,Q.Y.,Belkin,I.M.Temporal variation in the sediment load of the Yangtze River and the influences of thehuman activities.Journal of Hydrology,2002,263:56-71.
[18]Yang,S.L.,Belkin,I.M.,Belkina,A.I.,et al.Delta Response to Decline in Sediment Supply from the Yangtze River:Evidence of the Recent Four Decades and Expectations for the Next Half-Century.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2003,57:589-599.
[19]Yang S.L.,Z.Shi,H.Y.Zhao,et al.Effects of human activities on the Yangtze River suspended sediment flux into theestuary in the last century.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2004,8(6):1210-1216.
[20]Yang S.L.,J.Zhang,J.Zhu,et al.Impact of Dams on Yangtze River Sediment Supply to the Sea as well as Delta IntertidalWetland Response.Journal of Geophysical Research(Earth surface),2005,Vol.110,F03006,doi:10.1029/2004JF000271.
[21]Yang,Z S,Wang,H J,Saito,Y.,et al.Phase change of the modern Huanghe delta evolution since its last end channel shift in1976(and its phase change).In 5th International Conference of Asian Marine Geology,AGCP-475 DeltaMAP and APN Mega-Delta.T.Jarupongsakul,Y.Saito(Ed).Bangkok,Thailand,2004,256.
[22]Xu Jiongxin.Sediment flux to the sea as influenced by changing human activities and precipitation:Example of the HuangheRiver,China.Environmental Management,2003,31(3):328-341.
[23]李勇,黎桂喜,潘贤娣.黄河干流径流泥沙特性变化[J].泥沙研究,2002,(4):1-7.
[24]倪晋仁,韩鹏,王光谦,等.黄河中游水土保持措施对入黄干支流泥沙特性的影响:减沙效应分析[J].自然资源学报,1997,12(2):116-122.
[25]金正越,毛世民.九十年代淮河中游泥沙继续减少[J].治淮,2000,(5):38-39.
[26]钱春林.引滦工程对滦河三角洲的影响[J].地理学报,1994,49(2):158-166.
[27]吴俊秀,张晓红,车延路.综合治理对大凌河流域泥沙影响分析[J].东北水利水电,2005,(2):31-32.
[28]龚文平,王宝灿.南渡江三角洲北岸的演变及其机制分析[J].海洋学报,1998,20(3):140-148.
[29]何兰,杨清书,欧素英.西、北江干流的水文泥沙变化特征[J].广东水利水电,2003,(1):58-61.
[30]陈架铭,张云明.福建九龙江口入海泥沙的扩散和河口湾的现代沉积[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1991,11(1):57-67.
[31]尤联元.澜沧江流域河流泥沙发展趋势初步研究[J].地理学报,1999,54(Supp):93-80.
[32]文安邦,刘淑珍,范建容,等.雅鲁藏布江中游地区河流泥沙近期变化及防治对策[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(6):148-150.
[33]黄河断流成因分析及对策研究组.黄河下游断流及对策研究[J].人民黄河,1997,(10):1-10.
[34]水利部水文司.中国水文志[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1997,63.
[35]中国河流泥沙公报(2000-2003),http://www.irtces.org/database.asp.
[36]符淙斌,王强.气候突变的定义和检测方法[J].大气科学,1992,16(4):482-493.
[37]Chakrapani,G.J.Factors controlling variations in river sediment loads.Current Science,2005,88(4):569-575.
[38]Wilkinson,B.H.Humans as geologic agents:A deep-time perspective.Geology,2005,33(3):161-164.
[39]http://www.waterpub.com.cn/JHDB/river.asp.
[40]海河志编纂委员会.海河志(第二卷)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998,197.
[41]戴仕宝,杨世伦,赵华云,等.三峡水库蓄水运用初期长江中下游河道冲淤响应[J].泥沙研究,2005,(5):52-56.
[42]陈文彪,曾志诚.珠江流域水库泥沙问题刍议[J].人民珠江,1997,(5):26-28.
[43]http://news.sohu.com/20050113/n223923013.shtml.
[44]李国英.黄河调水调沙[J].人民黄河,2002,24(11):1-4.
[45]http://www.ha.chinanews.com.cn/news/41/2004-06-20/20040620-9211-41.shtml.
[46]http://www.ha.xinhuanet.com/add/touti/2004-07/16/content_2502251.htm.
[47]王占礼.中国水土流失的基本概况及其综合治理对策[J].科学对社会的影响,2001,(1):34-39.
[48]焦居仁.中国水土流失遥感成果与水保生态建设发展战略[J].中国水土保持,2002,(7):7-8.
[49]许炯心.我国流域侵蚀产沙的地带性特征初探[J].泥沙研究,1994,(3):32-39.
[50]《长江年鉴》编纂委员会.《长江年鉴》[M].武汉:长江水利委员会长江年鉴社,1993-2003.
[51]赵华云,戴仕宝,杨世伦,等.流域人类活动对三角洲演变影响研究进展[J].海洋科学(已接受).
[52]刘锡清.我国海岸带主要灾害地质因素及其影响[J].海洋地质动态,2005,21(5):23-42.
[53]杨世伦,朱骏,李鹏.长江口前沿潮滩对来沙锐减和海平面上升的响应[J].海洋科学进展,2005,23(2):152-158.
[54]刘曙光,李从先,丁坚,等.黄河三角洲整体冲淤平衡及其地质意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(4):13-17.
[55]叶青超.黄河断流对三角洲生态环境的恶性影响[J].地理学报,1998,53(5):385-392.
[56]王玉广,李淑媛,苗丽娟.辽东湾两侧砂质海岸侵蚀灾害与防治[J].海岸工程,2005,24(1):9-18.
[57]夏东兴,王文海,武桂秋,等.中国海岸侵蚀述要[J].1993,48(5):468-476.
[58]王庆,杨华,仲少云,等.山东莱州浅滩的沉积动态与地貌演变[J].地理学报,2003,58(5):749-756.
[59]印萍,夏东兴,胡泽建.沙子口湾海岸侵蚀原因及防治对策研究[J].黄渤海海洋,1998,16(1):7-14.
基本信息:
DOI：10.16239/j.cnki.0468-155x.2007.02.008
中图分类号:TV143
引用信息:
[1]戴仕宝,杨世伦,郜昂,等.近50年来中国主要河流入海泥沙变化[J].泥沙研究,2007(02):49-58.DOI:10.16239/j.cnki.0468-155x.2007.02.008.
基金信息:
国家973项目课题(2002CB412407);; 国家自然科学基金(40576043);; 安徽省高等学校青年教师科研资助计划项目(2005jq1129)
2007-04-15
2007-04-15