泥沙研究

基于乌东德水库2013—2023年断面实测数据，分析了不同时期库区河道冲淤演变特性。结果表明：天然时期，受金沙江中游及雅砻江水库拦沙影响，干流河道整体呈微冲态势，空间上呈“上冲下淤”的特点。施工期，河道整体微淤，但“上冲下淤”的空间分布特征不变。水库运行期，干支流共淤积泥沙5 583.6万m³,淤损死库容0.95%,侵占调节库容0.21%;干流纵向上呈“中间大，两端小”的淤积分布，垂向上以死库容淤积为主；由于区间来沙作用，干流深泓纵剖面抬升较为均匀；受上游来沙与干流倒灌影响，支流河口以龙川江淤积最多，河口段平均抬高2.6 m;雅砻江微冲，河口段平均切深0.1 m。

Based on the measurements of cross-section in the Wudongde Reservoir between 2013 and 2023, this study analyzes the evolution of the characteristics of river channel erosion and sedimentation in different periods. The results indicate that during the natural period, influenced by sediment trapping effects of reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Jinsha River and the Yalongjiang River, the main river channel is in slight erosion overall and can be spatially characterized by “upstream erosion and downstream sedimentation” During the construction phase, the spatial distribution pattern of “upstream erosion and downstream sedimentation” remains unchanged, but the river channel exhibits overall slight sedimentation. During the reservoir operation phase, a total of 55.836 million m³ of sediment has been deposited in the main and tributary channels, which resulting in a sedimentation loss of 0.95% of the dead storage capacity and an encroachment of 0.21% of the regulation storage capacity. The reservoir sedimentation can be characterized by “larger in the middle and smaller at both ends in longitudinal”, and primarily deposition is in the dead storage capacity in vertical. Influenced by upstream sediment influx and backflow from the main stream, the Longchuan River estuary experiences the most significant sedimentation among tributary mouths, with the average deposition of 2.6 m in the estuary sections. The Yalong River is in slight erosion with the average erosion of 0.1 m in the estuary sections.