泥沙研究

“长江大保护”国家战略要求三峡变动回水区朝天门至涪陵段高等级航道建设需与生态保护协同。以三峡变动回水区洛碛河段为例，基于Delft3D构建了平面二维水沙数值模型，模拟并评估了生境营造方案前后该河段的水沙动力过程及四大家鱼栖息地生境适宜性影响。结果表明，清礁弃渣生境营造方案对河段泥沙冲淤影响集中于上下游约2 km,年内淤积增加0.04～0.52 m;四大家鱼产卵期生境适宜面积增加0.05%～1.37%,不适宜生境面积减少0.51%～1.26%。研究结果可为山区航道工程的清礁弃渣环保利用提供科学参考，亦可为航道等级提升与鱼类生态保护协同的航道建设提供技术支持。

The national strategy of "Yangtze River Great Protection" requires that the construction of high-grade navigation channels in the fluctuating backwater area of the Three Gorges Reservoir from Chaotianmen to Fuling must be coordinated with ecological conservation. Taking the Luoji reach as an example, a two-dimensional hydro-sediment numerical model based on Delft3D was constructed to simulate and evaluate the hydro-sediment dynamic processes and habitat suitability of the four major Chinese carps before and after the implementation of habitat creation schemes. The results indicate that the impact of the habitat creation scheme by utilizing the reef clearance and spoil disposal on riverbed evolution is concentrated within approximately 2 km upstream and downstream of the project, with an annual increase in siltation ranging from 0.04 m to 0.52 m. During the spawning period of the four major Chinese carps, the suitable habitat area(WUA) can increase by 0.05% to 1.37%, while the unsuitable habitat area decreases by 0.51% to 1.26%. The results of this study can provide scientific references for environmentally friendly utilization of reef clearance spoils in mountainous waterway engineering and offer technical support for the coordinated construction of waterway level improvement and fish ecological protection.